Useful Linux Commands
Some of the most common and useful Linux commands.
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
man <tool> | Opens man pages for the specified tool. |
<tool> -h | Prints the help page of the tool. |
apropos <keyword> | Searches through man pages’ descriptions for instances of a given keyword. |
cat | Concatenate and print files. |
whoami | Displays current username. |
id | Returns users identity. |
hostname | Sets or prints the name of the current host system. |
uname | Prints operating system name. |
pwd | Returns working directory name. |
ifconfig | The ifconfig utility is used to assign or view an address to a network interface and/or configure network interface parameters. |
ip | Ip is a utility to show or manipulate routing, network devices, interfaces, and tunnels. |
netstat | Shows network status. |
ss | Another utility to investigate sockets. |
ps | Shows process status. |
who | Displays who is logged in. |
env | Prints environment or sets and executes a command. |
lsblk | Lists block devices. |
lsusb | Lists USB devices. |
lsof | Lists opened files. |
lspci | Lists PCI devices. |
sudo | Execute command as a different user. |
su | The su utility requests appropriate user credentials via PAM and switches to that user ID (the default user is the superuser). A shell is then executed. |
useradd | Creates a new user or update default new user information. |
userdel | Deletes a user account and related files. |
usermod | Modifies a user account. |
addgroup | Adds a group to the system. |
delgroup | Removes a group from the system. |
passwd | Changes user password. |
dpkg | Install, remove and configure Debian-based packages. |
apt | High-level package management command-line utility. |
aptitude | Alternative to apt. |
snap | Install, remove and configure snap packages. |
gem | Standard package manager for Ruby. |
pip | Standard package manager for Python. |
git | Revision control system command-line utility. |
systemctl | Command-line based service and systemd control manager. |
ps | Prints a snapshot of the current processes. |
journalctl | Query the systemd journal. |
kill | Sends a signal to a process. |
bg | Puts a process into background. |
jobs | Lists all processes that are running in the background. |
fg | Puts a process into the foreground. |
curl | Command-line utility to transfer data from or to a server. |
wget | An alternative to curl that downloads files from FTP or HTTP(s) server. |
python3 -m http.server | Starts a Python3 web server on TCP port 8000. |
ls | Lists directory contents. |
cd | Changes the directory. |
clear | Clears the terminal. |
touch | Creates an empty file. |
mkdir | Creates a directory. |
tree | Lists the contents of a directory recursively. |
mv | Move or rename files or directories. |
cp | Copy files or directories. |
nano | Terminal based text editor. |
which | Returns the path to a file or link. |
find | Searches for files in a directory hierarchy. |
updatedb | Updates the locale database for existing contents on the system. |
locate | Uses the locale database to find contents on the system. |
more | Pager that is used to read STDOUT or files. |
less | An alternative to more with more features. |
head | Prints the first ten lines of STDOUT or a file. |
tail | Prints the last ten lines of STDOUT or a file. |
sort | Sorts the contents of STDOUT or a file. |
grep | Searches for specific results that contain given patterns. |
cut | Removes sections from each line of files. |
tr | Replaces certain characters. |
column | Command-line based utility that formats its input into multiple columns. |
awk | Pattern scanning and processing language. |
sed | A stream editor for filtering and transforming text. |
wc | Prints newline, word, and byte counts for a given input. |
chmod | Changes permission of a file or directory. |
chown | Changes the owner and group of a file or directory. |
Credit: HackTheBox.eu
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